@MastersThesis{Diniz:2015:EsReTi,
author = "Diniz, Carlos Eduardo",
title = "Estudo de revestimentos de TiN em substratos de a{\c{c}}o 15-5 PH
com interfaces dilu{\'{\i}}das para aplica{\c{c}}{\~o}es
aeroespaciais",
school = "Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)",
year = "2015",
address = "S{\~a}o Jos{\'e} dos Campos",
month = "2015-02-27",
keywords = "nitreto de tit{\^a}nio, EB-PVD, nitreta{\c{c}}{\~a}o,
interfaces dilu{\'{\i}}das, nanoindenta{\c{c}}{\~a}o, titanium
nitride, EB-PVD, nitriding, diluted interfaces, nanoindentation.",
abstract = "Neste trabalho foi proposta uma combina{\c{c}}{\~a}o de
t{\'e}cnicas convencionais para a obten{\c{c}}{\~a}o de
revestimento aderente de nitreto de tit{\^a}nio (TiN) em
a{\c{c}}o. A investiga{\c{c}}{\~a}o foi realizada em filmes de
TiN com espessuras da ordem de 200 nm depositados em
superf{\'{\i}}cies de substratos de a{\c{c}}o aeron{\'a}utico
inoxid{\'a}vel 15-5 PH. Este a{\c{c}}o {\'e} utilizado na
ind{\'u}stria aeron{\'a}utica para fabrica{\c{c}}{\~a}o de
pe{\c{c}}as de trem de pouso de aeronaves, sujeitas ao atrito
superficial. Para aumentar a ader{\^e}ncia destes filmes, neste
trabalho foi proposta a obten{\c{c}}{\~a}o de interfaces
dilu{\'{\i}}das pela forma{\c{c}}{\~a}o de
solu{\c{c}}{\~o}es s{\'o}lidas em processo termicamente
ativado. Nestas interfaces as propriedades variam gradativamente
do filme at{\'e} o substrato, resultando no aumento da
ader{\^e}ncia deste tipo de revestimento. Para a
obten{\c{c}}{\~a}o deste tipo de revestimento de TiN, os filmes
de tit{\^a}nio met{\'a}lico foram depositados nas
superf{\'{\i}}cies de substratos de a{\c{c}}o 15-5 PH,
atrav{\'e}s da t{\'e}cnica EB-PVD (\emph{Electron Beam Physical
Vapor Deposition}), e posteriormente submetidos a tratamentos
t{\'e}rmicos de nitreta{\c{c}}{\~a}o em atmosfera gasosa
contendo 95 \% de nitrog{\^e}nio gasoso e 5 \% de arg{\^o}nio.
Os tratamentos t{\'e}rmicos foram realizados em 3 temperaturas
(500, 600 e 700 \$^{°}\$C) e em 3 tempos (5, 10 e 15 minutos).
As amostras obtidas foram caracterizadas por MEV (Microscopia
Eletr{\^o}nica de Varredura), DRX (Difratometria de Raios X), AFM
(\emph{Atomic Force Microscopy} - Microscopia de For{\c{c}}a
At{\^o}mica), EDX (Espectroscopia por Energia Dispersiva de Raios
X) e por nanoindenta{\c{c}}{\~a}o. As an{\'a}lises por EDX das
superf{\'{\i}}cies do substrato forneceram uma
composi{\c{c}}{\~a}o qu{\'{\i}}mica coerente com a fornecida
pelo fabricante e confirmou a presen{\c{c}}a do filme de
tit{\^a}nio met{\'a}lico. As an{\'a}lises da sec{\c{c}}{\~a}o
transversal das amostras do filme de Ti - substrato de a{\c{c}}o
indicaram a forma{\c{c}}{\~a}o de interface dilu{\'{\i}}da,
composta por solu{\c{c}}{\~a}o s{\'o}lida de Ti e componentes
qu{\'{\i}}micos do substrato. As imagens obtidas por AFM das
superf{\'{\i}}cies dos substratos mostraram a presen{\c{c}}a de
poros e riscos pouco profundos. As an{\'a}lises das
superf{\'{\i}}cies por difratometria de raios X, ap{\'o}s
tratamentos t{\'e}rmicos indicaram a presen{\c{c}}a de TiN. As
imagens das superf{\'{\i}}cies dos filmes obtidas por AFM
indicaram o aumento da rugosidade superficial com o aumento da
temperatura de tratamento t{\'e}rmico. As an{\'a}lises dos dados
obtidos por nanoindenta{\c{c}}{\~a}o e microdureza indicaram a
possibilidade de forma{\c{c}}{\~a}o de 3 regi{\~o}es com
propriedades de dureza e m{\'o}dulo de elasticidade distintos.
Baseando-se nestes resultados foi proposta a
modifica{\c{c}}{\~a}o da superf{\'{\i}}cie com a
forma{\c{c}}{\~a}o de 3 camadas, sendo: i) uma camada
superficial de nitreto de tit{\^a}nio, ii) uma interface
dilu{\'{\i}}da entre o filme de TiN e substrato de a{\c{c}}o
composta por uma solu{\c{c}}{\~a}o s{\'o}lida de TiN, N, Ti, Fe
e Cr e iii) o substrato de a{\c{c}}o 15-5 PH. Portanto, estes
resultados indicam que as t{\'e}cnicas utilizadas neste trabalho
permitiram a obten{\c{c}}{\~a}o de uma interface
dilu{\'{\i}}da entre o filme de TiN e o substrato de a{\c{c}}o,
atingindo o objetivo principal proposto. ABSTRACT: In this work, a
combination of conventional techniques for the obtainment of an
adherent titanium nitride (TiN) coating in steel was proposed. The
investigation was carried out in TiN films with thicknesses of
about 200 nm deposited in 15-5 PH aeronautical stainless steel
substrate surfaces. This steel is used in the aeronautical
industries for the manufacturing of airplanes landing gears parts,
subjected to surface friction. In order to improve the adherence
of such films, it was proposed the obtainment of diluted
interfaces by solid solutions formed in thermally activated
processes. In this kind of interfaces the properties vary
gradually from the film to the substrate resulting in adherence
improvement. For the obtainment of this type of TiN coating, the
metallic titanium films were deposited on the substrate surface
through the EB-PVD (Electron Beam Physical Vapor Deposition)
technique, and later thermally treated in gaseous atmosphere
containing 95\% Nitrogen and 5\% Argon. The thermal treatments
were carried out in 3 temperatures (500, 600 and 700 \$^{°}\$C)
and for 3 different times (5, 10 and 15 minutes). The specimens
obtained were characterized by SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy),
XRD (X-Ray Diffraction), AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy), EDX
(Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometry) and by nanoindentation. The
substrate EDX analysis showed a chemical composition coherent with
the composition provided by the supplier and confirmed the
presence of metallic titanium. The transversal section analysis of
the film-substrate interface indicated the formation of a diluted
interface composed of a solid solution of Ti and chemical elements
from the substrate. The substrate AFM images showed the presence
of pores and scratches not deep. The XRD surface analysis after
thermal treatment indicated the presence of TiN. The film surface
AFM images indicated a roughness rise with the rise of the thermal
treatment temperature. The nanoindentation and microindentation
data analysis indicated the possible formation of 3 regions with
different hardnesses and elasticity modulus. Based on those
results, a surface modification with the formation of 3 layers was
proposed, being i) A superficial TiN layer, ii) A diluted
interface between the TiN film and the steel substrate composed of
a solid solution of TiN, N, Ti, Fe and Cr, and iii) The 15-5 PH
steel substrate. Therefore the results indicate that the
techniques used in this work allowed the obtainment of a diluted
interface between the TiN film and the steel substrate, achieving
the main objective proposed.",
committee = "Nono, Maria do Carmo de Andrade (presidente/orientadora) and An,
Chen Ying and Melo, Francisco Crist{\'o}v{\~a}o Louren{\c{c}}o
de",
copyholder = "SID/SCD",
englishtitle = "Study of TiN coatings in 15-5 PH steel with diluted interfaces for
aerospacial applications",
language = "pt",
pages = "101",
ibi = "8JMKD3MGP3W34P/3HTEBG8",
url = "http://urlib.net/ibi/8JMKD3MGP3W34P/3HTEBG8",
targetfile = "publicacao.pdf",
urlaccessdate = "04 maio 2024"
}